Auditor Experience and the Timeliness of Litigation Loss Contingency Disclosures*

This paper hypothesizes and finds that firms audited by city‐industry specialists have more timely disclosures of contingent losses from litigation when there is no news coverage relating to the legal case prior to management disclosures. A closer examination reveals that this result is explained by the specialist auditors’ prior experience auditing clients in the same office and industry who are involved with litigation. In our setting, disclosures of litigation‐related contingent losses, we identify two kinds of knowledge generated from experience: industry knowledge and litigation knowledge. Industry knowledge helps auditors detect and correct poor implementation of guidance for litigation loss contingency disclosures. Auditors gain litigation knowledge from auditing clients in a given office and industry with previous involvement as defendants. Thus, the two types of knowledge interact in their effects on reporting outcomes.     

Farmers’ crop insurance perception and participation decisions: empirical evidence from Hunan,China

The measurement of risk perception and risk attitudes, and their link to actual risk behaviors have been extensively discussed. However, the potential impact of perception of risk management instruments on the decision to use those instruments has rarely been addressed. This article hypothesizes that the degree of perception of insurance contracts and participation decisions could have substantial mutual influence depending on the development of the market. An empirical work is carried out based on a survey of data for paddy rice farmers in Hunan Province, China. It shows that the sampled farmers’ crop insurance perception was surprisingly low despite years of pilot programs and tens of billions of expenditure in government subsidies. The result of simultaneous equations model indicates that crop insurance perception and participation are simultaneously determined and mutually improving. Moreover, empirical evidence indicates that the impact of crop insurance participation on perception is slightly stronger than that of perception on participation, and thus provides weak evidence of a ‘learning-by-doing’ stage in China at present. Together with evidence of substantial local disparities in perception, implications for the Chinese government in further cultivating the crop and rural insurance market are discussed.     

企业数字化转型对商业模式创新的影响

基于组织变革理论与知识基础观,引入知识管理与企业家导向变量,探讨企业数字化转型对商业模式创新的影响机制与情境效应。结果表明：①数字化转型对商业模式创新存在显著正向影响;②知识管理在数字化转型对商业模式创新的影响过程中发挥中介作用;③相比于低水平企业家导向,高水平企业家导向会强化数字化转型与知识管理的关系,弱化知识管理与商业模式创新的关系。     

上市公司融资结构对公司绩效的影响——以沪深A股区块链类上市公司为例

融资结构对上市公司发展有着重要意义,不合理的融资结构会对上市公司造成不利影响。本文选取2014~2017年沪深两市区块链类上市公司为研究对象,实证检验了上市公司融资结构对公司绩效的相关性。研究表明,短期负债率和长期负债率与公司绩效呈现显著的负相关;股权融资率与公司绩效呈现显著正相关,而股权集中度与公司绩效虽然存在倒“U”型曲线关系,但不显著。     

技术创新动态能力与技术商业化绩效关系研究

以动态能力观为基础,探究了转型经济环境下技术创新动态能力对企业技术商业化绩效的作用,以及环境动态性（技术动态性和市场动态性）在技术创新动态能力与技术商业化绩效间的调节作用。基于我国16个省市目标企业的实证研究发现,技术机会识别能力、创新资源整合能力和组织变革能力显著正向影响技术商业化绩效;环境动态性对技术创新动态能力与技术商业化绩效关系具有部分调节作用,其中,技术动态性显著削弱了创新资源整合能力与技术商业化绩效的关系。     

中美铜版纸案分析

在中美铜版纸案中,美国商务部对中国征收临时反补贴税,打破了由乔治敦钢铁案确立的不对非市场经济国家适用反补贴法的惯例。非市场经济地位由各国国内法规定,是一个包含政治、经济因素的复杂问题。美国调查机关在计算中国铜版纸的倾销幅度和补贴率时,出现了矛盾之处。一般而言,通过世界贸易组织解决争端是比较理想的途径,但美国以后很可能对中国同时适用反倾销和反补贴法。     

不同施钙水平下AMF对刺槐养分吸收的影响

采用盆栽实验研究不同施钙水平和接种不同丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)对刺槐生长状况及矿质养分吸收的影响。结果表明:适量施Ca能促进刺槐对氮和磷的吸收,当施Ca量保持在0.1~0.2g·L-1时,刺槐全氮和全磷含量在AMF、Ca的共同作用下达到峰值,但施Ca抑制了刺槐对钾的吸收。     

The Joint Effects of Multiple Legal System Characteristics on Auditing Standards and Auditor Behavior

This paper derives the impacts of legal system characteristics and auditing standards on auditor behavior (audit quality), and analyzes the determination of optimal auditing standards under different legal regimes. Legal regimes are characterized by differences in the uncertainty concerning the outcome of legal proceedings (termed vagueness of legal systems) and differences in the average size of damage awards. Auditing standards as determined by standard setters can vary in both toughness and vagueness. Our analysis provides implications for the adoption of International Standards on Auditing (ISA). Countries, such as the United States, where auditor legal liability is significantly more onerous than the global norm are not likely to adopt ISA, since these standards may not induce auditors to provide the optimal level of audit quality. Conversely, the adoption of ISA by countries, such as China, where the legal system makes the recovery of damages from auditors quite difficult, is not by itself likely to result in a high level of audit quality. Furthermore, our model suggests that auditor rotation can help improve audit quality, but only in certain circumstances.     

Managerial Agency Costs of Socialistic Internal Capital Markets: Empirical Evidence from China

This study provides empirical evidence of managerial agency costs in socialistic internal capital markets. Listed Chinese companies are required to disclose the amount of resources that are reallocated to other firms of the parent company, which provides us with a direct measure of the socialistic subsidization of weak member firms by strong member firms within a business group. We hypothesize that in strong member firms, managerial compensation is less sensitive to firm performance because cross‐subsidization makes it difficult for group CEOs to hold the managers in strong firms accountable for their own firms' performance, and also increases the noise in performance measures. We also hypothesize that socialistic cross‐subsidization results in an increase in managerial agency costs of strong member firms due to the low pay‐performance sensitivity and low incentive to work hard. We document empirical results that are consistent with these two predictions.